Which clinical manifestations are expected for a client with pulmonary edema?

In cases of pulmonary edema, the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli leads to specific clinical manifestations that can be observed. Crackles, also known as rales, are abnormal lung sounds that indicate the presence of fluid in the airways, and they are commonly heard during auscultation of a patient with pulmonary edema. These sounds are produced when air passes through fluid-filled airways, making them a classic sign of this condition.

Orthopnea, the difficulty in breathing while lying flat, is another key symptom experienced due to the redistribution of fluid when the patient changes position. Patients with pulmonary edema often find relief by sitting up, as this position helps alleviate the pressure on the thoracic cavity and improves their respiratory function.

The other choices do not align with the typical manifestations of pulmonary edema. Flushed skin and fever are generally associated with infections or inflammatory processes rather than fluid accumulation in the lungs. Constipation and abdominal pain are unrelated to pulmonary edema, as they pertain to gastrointestinal issues. Hyperglycemia and thirst indicate metabolic disturbances, rather than respiratory conditions tied to fluid overload in the pulmonary system.

Understanding these manifestations helps in promptly identifying and managing pulmonary edema, leading to better patient outcomes.