Excessive intake of what substance may lead to metabolic alkalosis?

Excessive intake of antacids can lead to metabolic alkalosis because many antacids contain bicarbonate or calcium carbonate, which can increase the pH of the blood when taken in large quantities. Metabolic alkalosis occurs when there is an increase in bicarbonate in the body or a loss of acid, resulting in a higher than normal blood pH. Antacids neutralize stomach acid as they are intended to relieve symptoms of indigestion or heartburn, but overconsumption can disturb the body's acid-base balance, leading to alkalosis.

In contrast, saline fluids may contain sodium chloride, which primarily affects fluid and electrolyte balance but does not inherently contribute to alkalosis. Alcohol consumption primarily leads to metabolic acidosis rather than alkalosis, as it can generate acid metabolites. Starch, being a carbohydrate, does not directly affect acid-base balance in the same way excessive antacid intake can. Thus, the relationship between antacids and increased bicarbonate levels is the key factor that links their excessive use to metabolic alkalosis.